The 48V architecture’s core principle is to’ increase voltage while maintaining power output to reduce current’, delivering a series of key advantages:
1.High efficiency, low loss:
（1）According to the DC power formula P = V × I, when the power remains constant, the voltage increases fourfold (from 12V to 48V), while the current decreases to one-fourth of its original value.
（2） According to Joule’s law, the heat loss in a wire (P_loss = I² × R) is proportional to the square of the current. When the current is reduced to one-fourth, the line loss decreases to one-sixteenth of the original, significantly improving energy efficiency.
Lightweight and low-cost:
（1） Smaller currents mean thinner wires (with smaller cross-sectional areas) can be used.
（2）This directly reduces the weight of the system’s cables and material costs, which is crucial for weight-sensitive fields such as automotive and robotics.
3.High power density:
（1）For robotic devices, smaller motors and thinner cables enable more compact and lightweight joint designs, enhancing both flexibility and integration.
Security and Inheritance:
（1）48V serves as the maximum safe voltage in typical applications, eliminating the need for stringent electrical safety measures and thus reducing system complexity and costs.
（2）It is a natural evolution of existing low-voltage systems (12V/24V), maintaining technical continuity (with lead-acid batteries rated in multiples of 6V).
